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Indonesian Education System and School Life Report

Assessment and Evaluation

  • Students are assessed through a combination of formative and summative evaluations.
  • National exams are administered at the end of primary, secondary, and upper secondary education.

Challenges and Reforms

  • Arts: Traditional dance, choir, and "Angklung" (traditional musical instrument).
  • Sports: Badminton, basketball, and football.
  • Religious Activities: Every school provides religious instruction based on the student's faith (Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, or Confucianism). Students group together based on their religion during these specific hours.
  • International schools (Jakarta Intercultural School, SPH) offer IB or Cambridge curricula.
  • National Plus schools (bilingual Indonesian-English) with labs, libraries, and sports fields.
  • Students aim for overseas universities (Netherlands, Australia, Singapore).
  1. The Archipelago Gap: A student in North Sulawesi may have fiber-optic internet and a smartboard. A student in East Nusa Tenggara might walk two hours to a school with a leaking roof and no textbooks. Teacher shortages in remote areas are chronic.
  2. Teacher Quality & Pay: Many teachers, especially honorary (honorer) staff, are paid far below a living wage. This forces them to work second jobs, reducing teaching quality. Certification programs are slowly addressing this, but progress is slow.
  3. Learning Loss: COVID-19 hit Indonesia hard. With limited access to online learning in many regions, UNESCO estimated significant learning losses in literacy and numeracy, a gap the "Merdeka" curriculum is trying to repair.

Teacher quality and status is another critical concern. While teaching is a respected profession, salaries, especially for civil servant teachers (PNS), can be low, leading many to supplement their income with private tutoring (les). This reliance on les perpetuates a memorisation-heavy culture and widens the gap between students who can afford extra help and those who cannot. Furthermore, the Kurikulum Merdeka’s emphasis on critical thinking and project-based learning is a cultural shift that many teachers, trained in traditional, teacher-centred methods, find difficult to implement without robust, ongoing professional development. bokep siswi smp sma updated